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2026, 02, v.79 53-63
以声音和目光为媒:媒介视角下公民参与的基本方式及数智化适应
基金项目(Foundation): 国家社会科学基金青年项目(20CZZ005)
邮箱(Email):
DOI: 10.14086/j.cnki.xwycbpl.2026.02.005
摘要:

公民参与政治生活和影响公共政策依赖于特定媒介,而任何媒介都以人的感官为基础,因而公民参与的方式可分为声音式和目光式两个基本类别:前者依凭人类声音与言说能力展开,重在意见输出和诉求表达;后者借助凝视、审视、围观等力量实现,重在监督与规训。在前大众传播时期,声音式参与是主导方式,目光式参与处于辅助地位,公民能够在诸多场合,通过多种方式表达观点,古希腊城邦及演讲场所的规划也遵循便于声音传播的原则,言语为人们所重视,并具有强大力量。在大众传播时期,在声音式参与持续发展的同时,目光式参与较上一阶段更加凸显,公民被赋予凝视与监督的权力,开始以观众身份融入政治生活。在数智传播时期,公民声音式参与的空间与方式得到拓展,心态和行为也更加开放;目光式参与中,公民的凝视对象日趋多元,对形象的规训程度日益加深,日常审视和集体围观成为重要的参与方式。但与此同时,数智技术一方面也使虚假声音、嘈杂声音、非理性声音层出不穷,扰乱声音式参与;另一方面使得自发呈现、眼见为实难以达成,阻碍目光式参与。从媒介技术与公民参与关系的演进路径来看,媒介技术在不断拓展公民参与的“自由度”,但在参与的“有效性”方面却无法保障,因此增强信息的“保真度”成为数智化时代优化公民参与效果的关键。

Abstract:

Citizens' participation in political life and influence on public policy rely on specific media, and any media is based on human senses.Therefore, the ways of citizen participation can be divided into two basic categories: voice-based and gaze-based.Voice-based participation relies on human voice and speaking ability, focusing on opinion output and demand expression; gaze-based participation is achieved through the power of gazing, scrutinizing, and onlooking, focusing on supervision and discipline.During the era of pre-mass communication, voice-based participation served as the dominant way, while gaze-based participation played a supporting role.Citizens were able to express their views in various settings and through multiple means.The planning of city-states and speech venues also followed the principle of facilitating voice communication.Speech was highly valued and possessed great power.During the era of mass communication, while voice-based participation continued to evolve, gaze-based participation became more prominent compared to the previous stage.Citizens were empowered to observe and scrutinize, integrating into political life as spectators.In the era of digital intelligence communication, the spaces and ways for citizen voice-based participation have expanded, with attitudes and behaviors becoming more open.In gaze-based participation, the objects of citizens' scrutiny have grown increasingly diverse, while the degree of disciplinary control over images has deepened.Daily scrutiny and collective spectatorship have emerged as significant modes of participation.However, at the same time, digital and intelligent technologies have also led to an endless stream of false, chaotic and irrational voices, disrupting voice-based participation.On the other hand, it has made it difficult to achieve spontaneous presentation and “seeing is believing”,hindering gaze-based participation.From the perspective of the evolutionary trajectory of the relationship between media technology and citizen participation, media technology continually expands the“degree of freedom”for citizen participation, yet fails to guarantee the“effectiveness”of such participation.Therefore, enhancing the “fidelity” of information has become crucial for optimizing the effectiveness of citizen participation in the era of digital intelligence.

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基本信息:

DOI:10.14086/j.cnki.xwycbpl.2026.02.005

中图分类号:D621.5;G206

引用信息:

[1]赵洁.以声音和目光为媒:媒介视角下公民参与的基本方式及数智化适应[J].新闻与传播评论,2026,79(02):53-63.DOI:10.14086/j.cnki.xwycbpl.2026.02.005.

基金信息:

国家社会科学基金青年项目(20CZZ005)

发布时间:

2026-03-02

出版时间:

2026-03-02

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