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根据社会建构论与社会想象的理论主张，人工智能被大众接纳的关键在于社会想象中，它的样态以及与社会成员的关系符合主流价值规范。研究辨析有关社会想象的不同概念，将“技术的社会想象”定义为由经典科幻电影对技术的再现来表达与创设的社会想象。依据机器人分类法与人机交互相关理论对30个人工智能角色编码之后，将相关电影中人工智能的形态、角色、情感性、自主性视为条件变量，通过多值定性比较分析法，分析其组态与作为结果变量的人机关系之间的相关性，研究认为：担任保护或帮助角色，情感真实且自主性有限的AI更可能避免与人类产生冲突对立关系的社会想象，从而更容易被大众接纳。
Abstract：According to the social construction theory and imaginary theory, the key to the public adoption of AI lies in its normativity in the social imaginary of technologies.This study discusses different concepts of social imaginary, then defines the “social imaginary of technology” as the social imaginary expressed and instituted by the representation of technology in classic science fiction films, and argues that these films are in turn instituting the social imaginary of technology.After coding 30 AI characters based on robot taxonomy and media interaction theories, this study examines the representations of AI in classic science fiction films through multi-value qualitative comparative analysis.By treating the form, role, emotionality, and autonomy of the characters as condition variables, this study analyzes the correlations of their configurations with the human-AI relationship as the outcome variable.It suggests that AI who takes the roles of human fellow with real emotionality and medium autonomy would be more likely to avoid conflicts with human in the social imaginary, and thus become adopted by the general public through the social imaginary.
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(1)将原文中的“desirable”翻译为“可欲的”,参考了政治哲学中的惯用翻译:将“desirability”翻译成“可欲性”,通常表示一种社会秩序的合法性或者令人满意与值得追求的程度。
(2)这里的“直接知觉”强调人的意向性、身体与环境之间的互动,其理论来源为德雷福斯(Hubert Dreyfus)的身体现象学与吉布森(James Jerome Gibson)的直接知觉理论,但本文篇幅有限,在此仅作简述。
(3)现实想象并不是对实际存在的想象,而是指一种在现实中有效的、真正发生作用的想象,即“社会集体创设的意义系统”。
(4)按照惯例,设置案例数阈值为1,一致性阈值为0.8,然而,由于“融合超越”关系下的案例太少,将其一致性阈值设置为0.6。另外,表3中“一致”是指包括简约解(Parsimonious)在内的三种解法下的组态是一致的,显示分析结果不受解法选择的影响,故具有高度可靠性,本研究将重点解读这些组态。
基本信息:
DOI：10.14086/j.cnki.xwycbpl.2025.06.007
中图分类号:J90-05;TP18
引用信息:
[1]王梦瑶.“什么样的AI才是好AI?”——人工智能的电影再现与社会想象[J].新闻与传播评论,2025,78(06):74-87.DOI:10.14086/j.cnki.xwycbpl.2025.06.007.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金青年项目(20CXW018)